Purpose: The global challenge of tackling corruption is a key concern for governments worldwide, irrespective of their developmental stage. It is a misconception to believe that corruption is limited to specific nations. Corruption, in its various manifestations, can inflict harm at different levels, from individuals to entire systems. It can establish intricate Networks and exacerbate its institutional impact. Effectively addressing corruption demands a high level of intelligence, coherence, and precision in theoretical, analytical, and operational approaches. This article delves into the issue of Network corruption and aims to develop a policy framework to combat corruption within metropolitan Management Networks and gardens. It underscores the universal nature of corruption and the need for a well-crafted strategy to combat it comprehensively.Design/ methodology/ approach: The article's methodology is qualitative and follows constructivist grounded theory. This theory, part of the second generation of grounded theories, offers more flexible and collaborative guiding principles to researchers compared to the first generation (such as Strauss and Glaser's approaches). The coding process in this methodology involves four key stages: initial, focused, axial, and theoretical coding. In this study, a semi-structured, in-depth interview was conducted with 20 participants from five main groups. Four coding stages were utilized, resulting in 465 initial codes, 196 focused codes, and 41 axial codes. These codes were then integrated into the main categories using the Network theoretical coding framework to present the findings. To validate the results, the findings were assessed against the four criteria proposed by Charmaz and reviewed by experts to ensure their validity and reliability.Research Findings: The research findings regarding the development of a Network to address Network corruption in gardens encompass three key levels: the institutional-legal and economic aspects of the Network; the Network's structure, focusing on Network types, member characteristics, relationships, obligations, and Network performance against corruption; and the power dynamics and benefit distribution mechanisms. A significant discovery highlights the importance of aligning positions in Network corruption with those in the anti-corruption Network, which theoretically can exert pressure to control and mitigate Network corruption effectively.Limitations & Consequences: The research focuses on the gardens of Tehran metropolis, primarily in the northern regions of the city, within the realm of policy-making in the context of policy formulation during the 1380s and 1390s. Corruption's elusive and intricate nature hinders access to precise and dependable information. Additionally, the study is constrained by its scientific research nature rather than a legal one, which would necessitate accusations and evidence of wrongdoing. Consequently, the research aims to uncover mechanisms without delving into legal implications to avoid potential legal ramifications.Practical Consequences: The current study introduces a range of proposed policies aimed at garnering interest from decision-makers. Within the policy domain, the focus is on pinpointing deficiencies in garden regulations and offering solutions that accommodate property owners' traditional construction practices. The anti-corruption Network is directed towards identifying corrupt structures within gardens, such as gaps, concentrations, corrosive processes, procedures, and spaces. Institutional policy proposals involve activating passive administrative bodies to combat administrative corruption, increasing the risks and exposure of corrupt practices, imposing higher costs on city Management officials involved in garden affairs, providing incentives for individuals and organizational support to prevent corruption, and leveraging media and legal resources to combat Network corruption. Furthermore, procedural policy recommendations include restricting the avenues for Network corruption and impeding its expansion by restructuring administrative processes to deter corruption, implementing case-specific interventions to prevent gardens from being converted into non-garden spaces, and preventing their gradual deterioration or removal.Innovation or value of the Article: This article has pursued innovations in two areas, which are: the first issue is the development of a Network perspective in defining governance issues, especially in the field of corruption and the definition of corruption cycles in metropolitan Management, the second aspect involves utilizing the dual nature of anti-Network corruption efforts to counter Networked corruption, setting up a battle between destructive and constructive Networks.Paper Type: Original Paper 

Peer-to-peer applications (P2P) are no longer limited to home users, and start being accepted in academic and corporate environments.While file sharing and instant messaging applications are the most traditional examples, they are no longer the only ones benefiting from the potential advantages of P2P Networks. For example, Network file storage, data transmission, distributed computing, and collaboration systems have also taken advantage of such Networks. In this paper, we will present a summary of the main safety aspects to be considered in P2P Networks, highlighting its importance for the development of P2P applications and systems on the Internet and deployment of enterprise applications with more critical needs in terms of security.....

In the critical review of the book “Ethics of Management” written by Tomas Klikavar (2010), the present article has paid attention to the general approach of the author, the conceptual tools used, and the way of reasoning. According to the author, Management, especially business Management, due to the importance it attaches to the survival of the organization, has placed its fundamental principle on increasing benefit and earning profit, therefore, morality is not its fundamental issue, and it can even commit immorality in some cases, according to the necessity of tendencies and dispositions . As a theoretician of Management ethics, from a historical point of view, the author has tried to show that business Management has always been associated with unethical experiences, an experience that has continued until the present day as a kind of modern slavery. He believes that Management ethics as an inter-discipline, which is considered a branch of Management knowledge in terms of its subject, must be more intertwined with philosophy in practice. Finally, although the author has been able to show the inherent contradiction of Management, especially business Management, with ethics and provide a solution based on this, the fact that the author has succeeded in presenting a different theory in the field of “Management ethics” is a matter of doubt and reflection.